The language we use matters. When talking about HIV, certain words and language may reinforce outdated stereotypes or information about the virus.
We have compiled a handy do’s and don’ts list of language to use when talking about HIV, to equip you with the tools to end HIV stigma.
Don’t Say:
AIDS’ / ‘Full-blown AIDS’ / ‘AIDS virus’
AIDS is not a virus or a singular disease. It refers to a collection of conditions that occur if HIV is left untreated over time. Most people today never reach this stage thanks to modern medication. Instead, use: advanced HIV.
‘Caught HIV’ / ‘Infected with HIV’ / ‘Spread HIV’
These phrases imply blame or carelessness. They also increase stigma.
‘Suffering from HIV’ / ‘Victim’ / ‘Sick’ / ‘Contaminated’
These terms suggest helplessness or disease and can be deeply stigmatising.
‘An HIV positive’ / ‘HIVer’ / ‘Carrier’ / ‘AIDS patient’
Reduces someone to their diagnosis. This language is outdated and dehumanising.
‘Clean’ (e.g. “Are you clean?”)
Implies that someone living with HIV is “dirty.” This is harmful and completely inappropriate.
‘Eradicating HIV’
This implies we are trying to eradicate people living with HIV. Suggested language ending new HIV transmissions.
‘Patient’ (outside clinical settings)
Implies someone is unwell or being treated. People living with HIV are often healthy and well — unless relevant to care, avoid calling someone a “patient.”
‘Disclose/disclosure of HIV status’
Implies that there are secretive connotations around sharing HIV status and may reinforce self-stigma and shame. Instead, use: Tell, talk about, or share.
‘How did you get HIV?
You don’t need to know how someone acquired HIV; it’s not relevant to their care.
Do Say:
Person/people living with HIV’
Puts the person first, not the virus. A respectful and empowering way to describe someone’s status.
‘Person/people with an undetectable viral load’ or ‘person/people with a virally suppressed viral load’
Reflects the success of HIV treatment. There is no risk of passing HIV on when a person has a virally suppressed viral load. Again, it is important to put the person first.
‘A person’s HIV status’
Neutral, respectful, and non-judgemental language. Avoids assumptions or loaded terms.
‘HIV is manageable with treatment’
Accurate and reassuring. Reflects today’s reality that people with HIV can live long, healthy lives.
‘Diagnosed with HIV’ / ‘Acquired HIV’
These are accurate, neutral ways to talk about how someone learns of their status or how HIV is passed on.
‘Advanced HIV’ / ‘Late-stage HIV’
Replaces outdated and misunderstood terms like “AIDS.” Advanced HIV refers to cases where the immune system is severely weakened due to untreated HIV.